Abstract
This paper describes a technique of User Model Driven Development, part of a broader approach, the user may-Driven Programming. This approach involves creating a visual environment for software development, modeling, where programs can be created without the requirement of the model developers to learn programming languages. The theory behind this approach is to explain, but the most important practical work in the creation of this system lies in its "early stages. The basicthis approach is the modeling of the software in Ontology Systems like Jena and Protégé are produced.
Introduction
The Systems Engineering Estimation and Decision Support (seeds) team is part of the Aerospace Manufacturing Research Center (AMRC) at the University of the West of England (UWE). SEEDS expertise is in the application of techniques that provide the management, categorization and visualization of information for decision support for design and manufacturing.
TheSEEDS team have successfully completed large projects and are currently in development of software for calculation and decision support modeling experience. The Seeds team recently completed the DATE (Design Tool for Unit Cost Modeling) project with Rolls-Royce Aerospace. This team created sophisticated decision support models and web edition.
The research described in this paper combines approaches of object-orientation, semantic web, relational databases, and event-drivenProgramming. Tim Berners-Lee defines the Semantic Web can be "a network of data processed directly or indirectly by http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Weaving/Overview.html machines. This research examined ways to structure information and allows the processing and retrieval of information to a modeling of the user to grant and allow for the automation of production model.
The main ontology tool used in research so far has Protégé - home pagehttp://protege.stanford.edu/. The projects, with the Protégé site links to information about using other projects that this tool. Further research is the use of Jena on the development of web-based look at our ontology, and further Protégé and Jena based tools to develop the user interface for automated programming of end users for this system. Several studies by others who researched this further than we are http://jena.hpl.hp.com/juc2006/proceedings.html to [have].One particular paper of interest to us, for our research in Semantic Web-based decision support systems is that the ACUITY system. The presentation and paper for this are in [http://jena.hpl.hp.com/juc2006/proceedings/crapo/slides.ppt] and [http://jena.hpl.hp.com/juc2006/proceedings/crapo / paper.pdf].
Collaboration
To achieve these objectives, it is necessary to the model developers (who are all users of our software described above) to work together to share and develop Models. The method of activation of these templates is to develop the non-programmer, software models for the purposes for which they are interested. [Olsson] explains the advantages of increasing user involvement in software development. Cooperation and exchange of knowledge would be important in this process with models are useful to others over the Internet. This form of cooperation would be based on the type of "open source" based co-operation in the source code and explanations are included> Web site and suggestions and improvements would be supported. Some examples of these forms of cooperation are the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page collaborative online encyclopedia Wikipedia, the Mozilla Firefox Browser http://www.mozilla.org/ development and the Semantic Web Environmental Directory ( SWED) http://www.swed.org.uk/swed/about/. The goal is to create an online community, the provision and use of free software for modeling and education can be.
The advantages ofOpen-source collaboration are as good as allowing researchers to collaborate and work together if they share an interest, it is also possible to develop the untapped potential of those who are not adopted an official position of the research. This could include students, people outside the academic environment, seniors and amateurs, "the beneficial use of know-how. Astronomy, for example, has used these skills very wide range of people to make new discoveries. The advantage ofThis broad participation could be more feedback on the usefulness, or usability of software, and their effective participation in the model development.
[Aziz et al.] Examine how open standards software can support the collaborative product of an organizational 'development. The methods used and the success of others, an approach of Web-based collaboration was used, were considered. That approach is described in [Ciancarini et al.], [Huang and Mak], [Kim et al.], [Li], [Morris et al.][Nidamarthi et al.], [Reed et al.], [Zhang et al.]. The above research to strengthen our view that this is a sensible approach.
Methods
A Web-based collaborative approach is based on our Seeds team site demonstrated http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/. Examples of Semantic Web pricing, users, and decision support techniques will also be freely available and can be used within universities and outside the industry and the community. Such models wouldto be useful for, but not limited to, decision support for design and manufacturing of products, the simulation of manufacturing processes or business processes, economic forecasts, scientific modeling, medicine, business decision-making, construction and cost-benefit analysis. It could also be used for the modeling of systems for educational purposes. These models are intended to show and explain processes. This modeling would be useful to universities as a representation of concepts for students, and asOpportunity in the development of modeling systems have.
Software Approach
[Chicken] and [Paternò], two alternatives to explain that the current approach to software development are required. This should allow translation from a model-based representation of the software to the software itself. This could involve the production of software automatically for a semantic Web site from visual representations of the problem. The core of this infrastructure would Modelsbe automated generation of models, written using the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards-based languages, and shows the visualization of information in such a manner as W3C standard.
Ontology systems such as Protégé [http://prot] égé.stanford.edu / Jena http://jena.sourceforge.net/ and kaon http://kaon.semanticweb.org/ either singly or in combination, are used to to create our ontology. Previously Protégé and Jena were examinedfor them. The use of RDF / XML (Resource Description Framework, by using Extensible Markup Language syntax) are facilitated, XQuery, and SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) used http://jena.sourceforge.net/ARQ/ for users. The ability of Jena and Protege in relational database format to store also makes it possible to have SQL (Structured Query Language). Using these standards, it is possible to obtain information in Jena, Protégé, representing ontology or other systems. All of thisFlexibility is useful, if not all the different organizations working with the same systems. An important reason for the creation of open standards core ontology is that it can be accessed by many different applications. The open standard OWL (Web Ontology Language) is explained by [Bechhofer and Carroll]. Other research in this area have been investigated [Corcho], [Corcho and Gómez-Pérez] and [Noy]. Issues in visualization of lightweight ontologies involved are tested by[Fluit et al.].
This ontology could then be in a decision support system, which results in web-read format output, would allow the same of information that is relevant to different departments or organizations to be shared. To enable the creation of websites, from people who are not experts in this task, open source content management tool such as Rainbow Portal http://www.rainbowportal.net or the Zope Community Content Management Framework (CMF) http: / / www. zope.org /, which isUWE is currently used could be considered. Ajax techniques to create highly interactive websites can help in this http://ajaxpatterns.org/wiki/index.php?title=Whats_Ajax% 3f.
Translation
This approach is to enable a type of very high-level meta-programming. Meta-programming, and structured language is explained by Dmitriev http://www.onboard.jetbrains.com/is1/articles/04/10/lop/ and [Mens et al]. This should alleviate the problems of time and moneyrun and the inability to achieve goals that are common malaise of software development. The creation of a web-based visual display of information allows people to examine and focus on information structures. It is envisaged that a translation of system software can create diagrams that show the problem is developed. The figure shows our solution for the provision of a system to allow users to create and / or their own models to use.
TranslationProcess
To achieve this requires: --
1 The search trigger (s) that result from user actions.
2 The Knowledge of the relationships between the nodes in the tree.
3 Ability to read equations rather than in a standard mathematical form.
4 rules of syntax for the language of the code to be output.
The Seeds team approach includes creation of a elaborator or translator that converts the schematic representation of the problem in software, in different languages or computera meta-programming syntax. The software created is divided into two categories. The first category is the structuring, sorting and searching of information http://jena.sourceforge.net/ Jena, Protégé [http://prot] égé.stanford.edu /, Exist XQuery http://exist.sourceforge.net /, Orbeon XForms http://www.orbeon.com/. This type of software is both the ontology editor and the output format. The other category of software would be used for modeling and would be a benefit, thisCost Estimator includes [Koonce et al.] [Wujek et al.], metal and http://www.meta-language.net/ Simkin http://www.simkin.co.uk/Links.shtml. The elaborator need a structured taxonomy to determine how related concepts can be represented visually follow illustrated in corresponding code. The visualization can be either a tree or a color-coded interactive SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/ Phalerum ~ / InteractiveSVGExamples.htm diagram of a component to bemodeled.
The research is conducted, is designed to adapt or create software systems, given the visual editor for the source tree, the model is a model by creating them. Thus the model would be a general model for a specific topic modeling to create. DecisionPro http://www.vanguardsw.com/decisionpro/ can be used to support the taxonomy and translate them into a decision modeling system. Vanguard makes their server for collaborative model development.The model user can then assist with this decision and to produce modeling system to their models. These models would be a specific subset of the generic model, and could be used for their own analysis. Our team will also include a translation mechanism to convert information or models in other languages (primarily Web-based), and making this information. Researchers could also individual learning objects for education.
Conclusions
The techniqueUser Driven Programming can be achieved through the use of highly structured languages, and visualization of these structures to allow editing. Examples of software created in this way are available http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/ Phalerum ~ /. This project would allow people more access to the software for modeling, education, and allow them to develop their own software.
References
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